POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA
The political system of the USA is based on the American constitution
which was framed two centuries ago. The major pillars of the political system of the USA are the president, the congress, the judiciary, and political parties. The federal system
of the USA is considered to be the father of all the modern democracies in the
world. USA government is a presidential form of government, the highest executive and administrative
power lies with the president of the United State of America. The legislative power
is with the congress. The Independent judiciary is the key feature of the political
system of the united state of America. As the USA is democracies the political parties also play a pivotal role in the political system of the country. There are mainly two
parties, Republicans and the Democrats, that’s work at the national level and are key
stakeholders of the country's political system. However, there are many small and regional political
parties but there impact on national politics is very limited. We will discuss
the major component of the political system of the USA in the following heading:
The constitution of the USA was framed on March 4, 1789
originally consisted of seven articles. The original constitution was so compact
and short, the reason behind it is that initially the framers of the constitution just kept in mind the need of 13 states and it was the earlier day of the
independence of America. With time to time, the constitution was polished by the
lawmakers and the judiciary. The text of the constitution was also so dense and
requires clarification and interpretation. The number of the states also
increased, new problems and challenges emerged so to counter these, new provisions and
amendments were introduced in the constitution. In short, the framers just gave a skeleton of the constitution and with time the lawmakers and judiciary put flesh on that skeleton. Although the process of the amendment
to the constitution is so rigid that’s why, only 27 amendments have so far been introduced in the constitution, in more the two centuries.
The American constitution is a presidential and federal form
of constitution. It provides rules and regulations on which the government of
the country will run. It also provides a division of power between states and
the center. The constitution of the USA is rigid, the amendment needs the consent of states as
well as the center, which is a difficult task to do.
President of the
the united state of America
The head of the state
and the head of the government in the political system of America is the president.
President is responsible for all the administrative and executive affairs of
the country. Article 2 of the constitution of America, deals with the power,
role, and responsibilities of the president. President in the united state is the final source of all the
decisions. It is the most powerful office in not only America but in the
whole world. It is said by many political scholars that if a competent candidate
made his way to the office, he will no only exercise the powers that are listed in the constitution
but also those that are not laid down in it.
President has powers in the executive, he/she makes high profile
appointments in every department, he/she is the commander-in-chief of the armed
forces, and supervises the financial affairs of the country. He/she is the
chief spokesperson of the country in foreign affairs and policies.
He/she also enjoys a great deal of influence in the legislation
of the country. He/she gives a State of the Union address at the start of every legislative
year and draws a map for the legislation for the year. He/she also has veto powers in lawmaking and
every bill requires the president's assent to become a law.
President has power in the judiciary too. She/he can appoint judges
with the consent of congress .he also have the power of pardon and amnesties in
some crimes.
THE CONGRESS OF
THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICA.
The political system of the USA has a bicameral legislature. Bicameral
legislature means that there are two houses, the upper house, senate and the lower
house, house of Representatives. The tenure of the Senate is six years and two
senators return from each state, which makes the Senate a body of 100 members. The tenure
of the house of Representatives is two years and the number of members from each state
is based on the population of that sate. The total number of the house of Representatives
is 438. The members of both the state elect by direct election with first past
the post method.
The congress's core responsibility is lawmaking. It also has
the power of recognition of treaties and foreign accords. It also gives approval for
war and peace to the executive. The House of Representatives is the custodian of
country finance and revenue. Without its
assent, no money can be spent by the executive in any form. The executive requires
to pass the budget from the Congress for the whole fiscal year. Senate also gives
its approval for the appointment made by the president. Congress also has
the power to impeach the president for high treason and misuse of powers.
JUDICIARY OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA
Judicial is the key element of the political system of
the United State of America. Every federation requires an effective, impartial and independent
judiciary that can maintain the balance of power between both the center and
the states. The Judicial system of the USA
fulfills all these requirements.
The federal court, the highest court of the country, consists of one chief justice
and 18 associate judges. These judges are appointed by the President with the
approval of the Senate. The federal court has jurisdiction over all the federal
subjects and it is the highest court of appeal in the country. The federal court
also plays a vital role in resolving the issues and differences between the state and
the center.
The striking feature of the federal court is the power of judicial review if the court considered any legislature pass by
the congress against the constitution it has the power to declare it null and void. This feature of the judicial system of the USA distinguishes it from its contemporary political system of the UK.
READ: FUTURE OF AFGHANISTAN
THE STATES OF THE
UNITED STATE OF AMERICAN
The main component of the political system of the USA in the state.
the federation of the USA is consists of 50 states. they are governed by a governor, elected by direct
election with a majority vote. Sates have their own state legislature assembly and high
courts. The states have their own constitution and subject list.
POLITICAL PARTIES
OF UNITED STATE OF AMERICA
The political system of the USA is all revolved around the political
parties of the USA. There are two major political parties in the USA, the Democrats, and the Republican Party. Both parties exist in the political system of the USA
before the independences and both have a rich history and struggle for the
success of the current political system. There are local or regional political parties too but the mainstream or national
level political parties are only two that why we can safely say that there are
two-party systems in the USA.
CONCLUSION
The struggle and the evolution of the political system of the USA
from its independence in 1778 is an open book for the world to learn from. Many modern
countries have learned from the democracy and political system of the USA and
adopted that system for their countries. It is also said by many political
scholars that the political system of the USA is the mother of modern political
democratic systems
WRITTEN BY ISHAQ KHAN
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